雷奥法律英语讲堂

  【法条中文】第一百四十五条 限制民事行为能力人实施的纯获利益的民事法律行为或者与其年龄、智力、精神健康状况相适应的民事法律行为有效；实施的其他民事法律行为经法定代理人同意或者追认后有效。 相对人可以催告法定代理人自收到通知之日起三十日内予以追认。法定代理人未作表示的，视为拒绝追认。民事法律行为被追认前，善意相对人有撤销的权利。撤销应当以通知的方式作出。   【官方原译】 Article 145: A civil juristic act, performed by a person with limited capacity for performing civil juristic acts that is purely beneficial to the person or is appropriate to the age, intelligence, or mental status of the person is valid; any other civil juristic act performed by such a person is valid if a consent or ratification is obtained from his legal representative. A third person involved in the act performed by a person with limited capacity for performing civil juristic acts may request the legal representative of the latter to ratify the act within 30 days from receipt of the notification. Inaction of the legal representative is deemed as refusal of ratification. Before such an act is ratified, a bona fide third person is entitled to revoke the act. The Revocation shall b...

  【法条中文】第十五条 自然人的出生时间和死亡时间，以出生证明、死亡证明记载的时间为准；没有出生证明、死亡证明的，以户籍登记或者其他有效身份登记记载的时间为准。有其他证据足以推翻以上记载时间的，以该证据证明的时间为准。   【官方原译】 Article 15: The time of birth and time of death of a natural person are determined by the time recorded on his birth or death certificate as applied, or, if there is no birth or death certificate, by the time recorded in the natural person’s household registration or other valid identity certificate. If there is sufficient evidence overturning the time recorded in the aforementioned documents, the time that is established by such evidence shall prevail.   【原译解析】本条规定的是认定自然人的出生时间、死亡时间的 证据规则 ，即法院在认定自然人的出生和死亡时间的依据是什么，以及当多种证据之间出现相互矛盾时，应当如何确定证据的效力优先级。而原译文最大的问题，首先在于没有将条文主体逻辑关系理顺，因此，在翻译时有点过于跟随中文的 “ 形 ” ，而未用合适的英文表达突出主体逻辑关系。显然，中文法条中出现了三种可以证明出生 / 死亡时间的证据，分别为（ 1 ）出生 / 死亡证明；（ 2 ）户籍登记或其他有效身份登记；（ 3 ）其他证据，前两种证据为原则性规定（一般情况），而第三种证据则是例外规定（但书），是可以彻底排除前两种证据的适用的，虽然中文里并未出现“但是”“除外”这样的但书标志词，但从语义逻辑上完全可以判断出来，所以在作英文翻译时，宜采用英美法中但书的固定表达“ provided(, HOWEVER,) that ”来衔接前后，贯通整句。...